教师招考英语学科：定语从句知识点解析（三）

2015教师招考

【 关系副词的用法】

1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

[注]表示时间"time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。

By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

I still remember the first time I met her.

我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。

每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don't know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由"介词+关系代词"引导的从句替换

(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.

(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

注：1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2)that前不能有介词。

3) 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。

This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

This is the reason why he came late.

This is the reason for which he came late.

【 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句】

1.二者差异比较

限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词、关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据

弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语、宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。

3. 先行词与定语从句隔离

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：

1) This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about.

2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.

【As在定语从句中的用法】

1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

(1)as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。

(2)as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：

The elephant's nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

(3)the same… that与 the same …as在意思上是不同的。

2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置

as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：

(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.

(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.

【关系副词引导的定语从句】

1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句

关系副词在从句中分别表示时间、地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。

2. that可引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因

That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间、地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。

【关系代词引导的定语从句】

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom;指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?