初中英语重要知识：形容词、副词

2014教师招考

形容词用于修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质特征，在句中可作定语、表语或补语，副词用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子，主要用作状语。

1、联系动词常跟形容词作表语。
常用的联系动词有：
be,become,turn,get,go,grow,look,seem,feel,remain,sound,smell,taste等。
例如：
The plan sounds wonderful.
The space seems a bit excited.
2、大多数副词由“形容词+ly”构成，修饰动词或形容词。
例如：bravely/widely/deeply/slowly
Do we speak English fluently?
注意：有些词虽然以“ly”结尾，但其结构为：名词+ly→形容词
例如：friendly(友好的) lovely(可爱的)lively(生动活泼的)daily(日常的、每日的)elderly(上了年龄的)
3、形容词和副词的比较等级形式。
大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级，原级、比较级、最高级。
(1)绝大多数单音节词和部分特殊的双音节词(主要是以辅音节字母+y结尾的词，以-ow结尾的词，以-er结尾的词，以-le结尾的词)加-er构成比较级，加est构成最高级。
例如：small—smaller—smallest
(2)重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母加er/est。
例如：big—bigger—biggest
(3)以辅音字母加y 结尾，变y为i加er /est.
(4)大部分双音节单词，slowly等形容词+ly构成的副词，所有的多音节词，前面加more构成比较级，加the most构成最高级(副词的最高级可省去the).
例如：careful—more careful---the most careful
slowly—more slowly—the most slowly
(5)不规则变化
Little—less—least (good/well)—better—best
Far-farther—farthest/further—furthest
4、形容词和副词的比较句型。
(1)as……as和…一样(中间用原级)
例如：
He is as tall as you.他像你一样高。
(2)not as(so)……as 和……不一样(中间用原级)
例如：
He is not so tall as you. 他不如你高。
(3)…than…,…比…(用比较级)
例如：
He runs faster than you (do)!
(4)在第一个as前加程度状语quite, almost, nearly ,just, twice, threetimes等。
例如：
Our room is twice as big as yours.我们的房间是你们的两倍大。
5、有范围修饰的用最高级。
In/of/among或用从句修饰的。
例如：
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
6、比较级+and+比较级，意为“越来越…”
例如：hotter and hotter
more and more beautiful越来越漂亮
7、the+比较级，the+比较级，越…就越…”
例如：The more, the better.越多越好。
8、可用much/a little/even/still等修饰比较级。
例如：You did much better in the final exam than I did.
Today is even colder than yesterday.
9、在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one/that/those等词来代替前面提到过的名词。
例如：The weather here is warmer than that of shanghai.
10、掌握三种同义句转换。
(1)He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest(student)in his class.
(2)This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn，t as interesting as that one.
(3)I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.
11、enough修饰名词时，位于名词前，如：enough food;修饰形容词时位于其后。如：big enough.
12、too much和much too的用法。
Too much+不可数名词 太多的…… much too+形容词 太……
例如：I，m full. I，m afraid I had eaten too much(food).
The sweet is very beautiful, but it is much too dear.
13、interesting和interested的用法。
Interesting有趣的，修饰物或在句子中主语一般是物。
Interested由于…感兴趣的，主语一般是人。
例如：We are very interested in the interesting story.
14、too……to和enough的用法。
too……to太…以至于…=not……enough……to do=so……that……not do.
例如：
He is not old enough to go to school.
=he is too young to go to school.
=he is so young that he can not go to school.