|
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure 30% Directions:There are thirty incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. ()1.Does the TV sayhappened in Iraq every day? A.terrible somethingB.something terrible C.terrible anythingD.anything terrible ()2.Jim borrowed a Chinese book from his classmate. Heit for three days. A.has borrowedB. has lent C.has kept D.lend ()3.Many kinds of flowers were on Dong Feng Square last month. A.on showB.on land C.on earth D.on watch ()4.—Would you like some more chicken ,Linda? —. A.I?d like toB.Just a little,please C.Yes,I?d like a drinkD.I?d like some ()5.—Will your friend go for a picnic this Sunday? —If I don?t go,. A.so does heB.so he will C.neither does heD.neither will he ()6.—do you visit your grandparents before? —Every winter. A.How longB.How often C.How soonD.How much ()7.She went to BeijingOctober 2，2000 and came backa cold morning last year. A.in;onB.on;in C.on;onD.in;in ()8.Unless heto help us,we shall lose the game. A.promisesB.will promise C.would promiseD.had promised ()9.We have no paper. A.writeB.to write C.writing onD.to write on ()10.—You wantsandwich? —Yes,I usually eat a lot when I?m hungry. A.anotherB.other C.othersD.the other ()11.Since last term,each of theman English?English dictionary. A.hadB.has C.has hadD.have had ()12.The book called Harry Potter mustn?t from the library. A.take awayB.taken away C.are taken awayD.be taken away ()13.Before we started out,we?d betterthe time of the next train in the time table. A.look afterB.look up C.look forD.to look for ()14.Mary doesn?t like bluered.But. A.or;Lily doesB.and;does Lily C.nor;Lily isD.neither;is Lily ()15.There are threeassistants in thatshop. A.women;shoeB.woman;shoe C.woman;shoesD.women;shoes ()16.—How do you know that she likes singing? —I often hear herafter class. A.to singB.sangC.singD.sings ()17.When people want to relax themselves,they preferTV or listen to music rather than newspapers. A.watching;readB.watching; to read C.to watch ;readD.to watch;reading ()18.The new librarian still doesn?t knowthe out?of?date newspapers and magazines. A.what to deal withB.how to deal with C.how to do withD.what to do away with ()19.to make a good beginning,these new comers did all that they could to get themselves well?prepared. A.To be determinedB.Determined C.Being determinedD.Determining ()20.It is usually considered that living with disability is. A.challenged and frustratedB.challenged and frustrating C.challenging and frustratedD.challenging and frustrating ()21.Those guestsat the front now came here from a European country early this morning. A.who seatedB.seating C.were sittingD.seated ()22.It is said that a grave of a middle?aged manabout 2300 B.C. was found by some English archaeologists in the year of 2002. A.dating backB.dated back to C.dating back toD.dated from ()23.She told her neighbour that hethe well?known scientist if he had attended the lecture. A.could meetB.might have met C.might meetD.would meet ()24.The citizens didn?t feel safe at all after several families had their housesat night and a lot of things stolen. A.broken inB.broken into C.to be broken intoD.break in ()25.Come on,Harry,why stand there alone?We?ll go to play ballgames.How aboutus? A.taking part inB.joining C.joining inD.attending ()26.before you leave the lab. A.Make sure that the windows are shut B.To make sure that the windows are shut C.Making sure to shut the windows D.To be sure to shut the windows ()27.The villager told them that his village wasthat of theirs. A.three times larger thanB.as large as three times C.three times as larger asD.three times size of ()28.Some old potsclay were found lyingto the dead body. A.made from;closelyB.made of;close C.made by;closely D.made up of ;close ()29.A way must be thought ofhis wound, otherwise he might bleed to. A.to stop;dieB.stopping; death C.to stop;deathD.stopping; dead ()30.My suggestion iswe should have mercythese homeless children and offer them some help. A.that;onB.what;to C.which;forD.that;for Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension 15% Directions:There are three passages in this part.Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the BEST ONE. Passage 1 Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space.The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural difference,not an economic one.Knowing your own psychological space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices,including,for example,the number of bedrooms in the home.If you were brought up in a two?child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms,the chances are if you have two children or more,that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them.In America,for example,they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies.This is very unusual in the world.In many other countries,the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them. The space in the home also shows a lot about the psychological space needs.Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it.Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone. Although it is true that the psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons,they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressure.It is almost impossibe,however,to completely change your psychological space needs. ()1.The first sentence in Paragraph 1 “Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space” mean . A.not two people need exactly the same amount of living space B.living space requirements are not always the same C.the world requires the same amount of living space D.nobody needs a required amount of living space ()2.Some families gather closer to each other at home than others because. A.they have limited living space B.they are brought up in a large family C.it satisfies their psychological space needs D.the children in the family sleep in the same bed with their parents ()3.Which of the following is true according to the passage? A.Americans are trained to live in large rooms at birth. B.Situation decides one?s amount of space needs. C.People in various countries demand different psychological space. D.Knowing your psychological space needs is important, as it affects your future. ()4.According to the writer of the passage, psychological space needs. A.are not affected by income at all B.can hardly be changed altogether C.can be changed if you make up your mind to do so D.have nothing to do with cultural background ()5.The best title for this passage is. A.American Way of Living B.Psychological Space C.Space Needs in Different Countries D.Psychological Space and Economic Pressure Passage 2 Flying over a desert area in an airplane,two scientists looked down with trained eyes at trees and bushes,After an hour?s flight one of the scientists wrote in his book,“Look here for probable metal.”Scientists in another airplane,flying over a mountain area,sent a message to other scientists on the ground,“Gold possible.”Walking across hilly ground,four scientists reported.“The ground should be searched for metal.”From an airplane over a hilly wasteland a scientist sent there by radio one word:“Uranium.” None of the scientists had X?ray eyes:they had on magic powers of looking down below the earth?s surface.They were merely putting to use one of the newest methods of locating minerals in the ground,using trees and plants as signs that certain minerals may lie beneath the ground on which trees and plants are growing. This newest method of searchng for minerals is based on the fact that minerals deep in the earth may affect the kind of bushes and trees that grow on the surface. At Weston Bar Greek,a brook six thousand feet high in the mountains of British Columbia,Canada,a mineral search group gathered bags of tree seeds.Boxes were filled with small branches from the trees.Roots were dug and put into boxes.Each bag and box was carefully marked.In a scientific laboratory the parts of the forest trees were burned to ashes and tested.Each small part was examined to learn whether there were minerals in it. Study of the roots,branches,and seeds showed no silver.But there were small amounts of gold in the roots and a little less gold in the branches and seeds.The seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk had more gold than those growing on the ends of the branches. ()6.Scientists were flying over a desert of a hilly wasteland or a mountain area in order to search forin the ground. A.goldB.silver C.metalD.minerals ()7.The study of trees, branches and roots shows that. A.larger amounts of gold in the branches than in the seeds B.smaller amounts of gold in the roots than in the branches C.less amounts of gold in the seeds growing on the ends of branches than seeds growing nearest to the tree trunk D.there was more gold in the branches than in the roots ()8.Which is the best title suggested below? A.Scientists Searching for Metals with Special Power. B.New Methods of Searching for Minerals. C.Gold Could Be Found by Trees and Plants. D.A New Method of Searching for Minerals-Using Trees and Plants. ()9.Which of the following is not mentioned as part of a tree that can help find minerals? A.Leaves.B.Roots. C.Branches.D.Seeds. ()10.The scientists were in search for minerals by using. A.X?rayB.trees and plants C.a special instrumentD.trained eyes Passage 3 Taiwan police cannot decide whether to treat it as an extremely clever act of stealing or an even cleverer cheat.Either way,it could be the perfect crime,because the criminals are birds-homing pigeons! The crime begins with a telephone message to the owner of a stolen car:if you want the car back,pay up.Then,the car owner is directed to a park,told where to find a bird cage and how to attach money to the neck of the pigeon inside.Carrying the money in a tiny bag,the pigeon flies off. There have been at least four such pigeon pick?ups in Changwa.What at first seemed like the work of a clever stay?at?home car thief,however,may in fact be the work of an even lazier and more inventive criminal mind-one that avoids not only collecting money but going out to steal the car in the first place.Police officer Chen says that the criminal probably has pulled a double trick:he gets money for things he cannot possibly return.Instead of stealing cars,he lets someone else do it and then waits for the car owner to place an ad in the newspaper asking for help. The theory is supported by the fact that,so far,none of the stolen cars have been returned.Also,the amount of money demanded-under 3,000 Taiwanese dollars-seems too little for a car worth many times more. Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story.And even if they start again,Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.“We have more important things to do,”he said. ()11.After the car owner received a phone call,he. A.went to a certain pigeon and put some money in the bag it carried B.gave the money to the thief and had his car back in a park C.sent some money to the thief by mail D.told the press about it ()12.The “lazier and more inventive criminal”in the third paragraph refers to . A.the car thief who stays at home B.one of those who put the ads in the paper C.one of the policemen is Changwa D.the owner of the pigeons ()13.The writer mentions the fact that“none of the stolen cars have been returned”to show. A.how easily people get fooled by criminals B.what Chen thinks might be correct C.the thief is extremely clever D.the money paid is too little ()14.The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph refers to. A.criminalsB.pigeons C.the stolen carsD.demands for money ()15.We may infer from the text that the criminal knows how to reach the car owners because. A.he reads the ads in the newspaper B.he lives in the same neighborhood C.he has seen the car owners in the park D.he has trained the pigeons to follow them Ⅲ.Proofreading and Error Correction 10% Directions:There is one passage in this part.The passage contains no more than TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximun of ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it the following way: When∧art museum wants a new exhibit1.an itneverbuys things in finished form and hangs2.去掉 them on the wall.When a natural history museum3.√ wants an exhibition,it must often build it.4.exhibit I?ve really got to do something to lose weight because I?m getting too fat.I wasn?t worried about it until I go1. to see the doctor.He told me that I?d probably had a heart2. attack while I started eating less.When you?re on a diet you3. have to stop eat too much even though you are always hungry.4. They may be very hard to do and you certainly need a lot 5. of will?power to succeed.So I will stay on a health farm for a 6. month I won?t be able to eat much and so I?ll have to stick7. to my diet.I?ll also do plenty of exercise, which won?t give8. me any harm too.Both the diet and the exercise will9. help me to lose weight and feel more better.10. Ⅳ.Translation 20% Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese. I know a valley in North Wales,between the mountains and the sea.It is a beautiful valley,snug,comfortable,sheltered by the mountains from all the bitter blasts.But it is very enervating,and I remember how the boys were in the habit of climbing the hill above the village to have a glimpse of the great mountains in the distance,and to be stimulated and freshened by the breezes which came from the hilltops,and by the great spectacle of their grandeur.We have been living in a sheltered valley for generations.We have been too comfortable and too indulgent—many,perhaps,too selfish—and the stern hand of fate has scourged us to an elevation where we can see the great everlasting things that matter for a nation—the great peaks we had forgotten,of Honour,Duty,Patriotism,and,clad in glittering white,the great pinnacle of Sacrifice pointing like a rugged finger to heaven.We shall descend into the valleys again;but as long as the men and women of this generation last,they will carry in their hearts the image of those great mountain peaks. Ⅴ.Writing 25% Directions:What do you think of the appreciation in education?Please write a composition about 80~100 words. 六、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选择一个符合题意的正确答案，本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) A.教师职业的出现B.师资培训机构的建立 C.教育立法的规定D.国民教育制度的建立 ()2.就儿童发展整体而言，生理的成熟先于心理的成熟体现了儿童身心发展的。 A.顺序性B.不平衡性 C.个别差异性D.阶段性 ()3.良好班集体形成的重要标志是。 A.有明确的奋斗目标 B.有健全的组织系统和领导核心 C.形成了正确的舆论和良好的班风 D.有严格的规章制度与纪律 ()4.为完成特定的教学任务，教师和学生按一定要求组合起来进行活动的结构，称为。 A.教学模式B.教学组织形式 C.教学原则D.教学过程 ()5.1924年，我国第一本《教育心理学》教科书出版，它的作者是。 A.陶行知B.蔡元培 C.潘菽D.廖世承 ()6.世界上最著名的智力量表是。 A.比纳—西蒙量表B.斯坦福—比纳量表 C.比纳—推孟量表D.维克斯勒量表 ()7.带领学生深入工厂或农村进行实地参观访问的直观教学形式为。 A.形象直观B.实物直观 C.模象直观D.言语直观 ()8.通过集体讨论，使思维相互撞击，迸发火花，达到集思广益效果的思维训练方法称为。 A.讨论法B.头脑风暴法 C.启发法D.用途扩散法 ()9.通常用GB、KB、MB来表示计算机的存储容量，它们的大小关系是。 A.KB C.MB ()10.调制解调器的作用是。 A.把数字信号转换为模拟信号 B.把模拟信号和数字信号相互转换 C.把模拟信号转换为数字信号 D.其他三个答案都不对 七、多项选择题(在每小题的五个备选答案中，选出二至五个符合题意的正确答案，少选、多选、错选，该题均无分。本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) ()1.学校教育与家庭教育相互配合的方法有。 A.互访B.民主评议 C.家长会D.家长委员会 E.校外指导 ()2.我国学校德育内容主要是。 C.道德教育D.心理健康教育 ()3.教学策略主要有。 A.以教师为主导的教学策略B.以学生为中心的教学策略 C.个别化教学D.计算机辅助教学 E.行动策略 ()4.影响课堂管理的因素有。 A.教师的领导风格B.班级的规模 C.班级的性质D.对教师的期望 E.学生的智力水平 ()5.在文字处理软件Word中，字数统计命令能完成的统计对象是。 A.字符数B.字节数C.字数D.页数E.段落数 八、填空题(将适当的内容填在横线上，本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) 1.新课程倡导的学习方式有:自主学习、、探究学习。 2.心理健康教育的内容主要分为三个方面即、生活辅导和择业指导。 3.日常教育中所谓的“举一反三”、“触类旁通”、“闻一知十”等现象，在教育心理学上称之为。 4.一般认为，态度与品德形成过程的阶段依次为依从、认同、。 5.在用Windows提供的“计算器”进行复杂函数、统计运算时，应在“查看”菜单中把计算器设置为。 九、简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题4分，共12分) 1.评价教师课堂教学质量的基本因素有哪些? 2.教学过程的基本特点有哪些? 3.某台计算机的硬盘上存有以下文件：丁香花.mp3、index.htm、新课程.txt、成龙.doc、哭沙.rm、中国.bmp、五指山.jpeg、还原精灵.rar、飞翔.gif、dog.mpg、cxsj.html，请按不同类型分类: 图形、图像文件： 声音文件： 文本文件： 网页文件： 十、论述题(8分) 试述建构主义学习理论的主要观点及教育启示。 【参考答案】 Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure 1.D 【解析】形容词修饰everything, something, anything时，置于这些词后面。疑问句用anything。 2.C 【解析】略。 3.A 【解析】on show意为“被展示”;on land意为“马上”;on earth意为“究竟”;on watch意为“监视”。 4.B 【解析】本题考查情景对话。答句意为“只要一点点”。 5.D 【解析】略。 6.B 【解析】针对频度副词提问用how often。 7.C 【解析】在具体的某一天用on，有形容词修饰的早中晚用介词on。 8.A 【解析】略。 9.D 【解析】write on paper意为“在纸上写字”。 10.A 【解析】意为“你想再吃一个三明治吗?”。 11.C 【解析】since+过去时间，用现在完成时，主语为each，故用第三人称单数。 12.D 【解析】书是被带走，故用被动语态，mustn?t后面跟动词原形。 13.B 【解析】had better do…意为“最好做……”。look after意为“照顾”;look up意为“查找(查字典)，查资料”;look for意为“寻找”。 14.A 【解析】略。 15.A 【解析】man和woman修饰其他名词时，如果后面名词用复数，则相应地改成men和women。 16.C 【解析】hear sb.do…意为“听到某人做某事”。 17.C 【解析】prefer to do…rather than(to) do…意为“比起做……更愿意做……”。 18.B 【解析】how to deal with/what to do with意为“如何处理”。 19.D 【解析】现在分词表主动。 20.D 【解析】challenged意为“受到挑战的”;challenging意为“富有挑战性的”;frustrated意为“失败的，落空的”;frustrating意为“使人沮丧的，令人泄气的”。 21.D 【解析】A项若为“who are seated”则可选。考查sit与seat的区别和用法。 22.C 【解析】date back to意为“追溯到”，不用被动。 23.B 【解析】might have done 意为“本可以做……”。 24.A 【解析】两者都可表示“强行进入”、“插嘴”等，但break in通常是不及物的，而break into通常是及物的。 25.B 【解析】take part in 参加活动;join in 加入组织;attend 参加讲座等。 26.A 【解析】略。 27.A 【解析】略。 28.B 【解析】make of, make from都表示由……制成，看得出原材料用make of，看不出原材料用make from。当close, closely都作副词用时，close是距离上的接近，而closely是感情关系上的亲近。 close表示“靠近”、“紧紧地”，closely则表示“紧密地”、“严密地”、“密切地”。这里注意是“old pots”。 29.C 【解析】to 表目的，bleed to death意为“流血致死”。类似的用法还有：starve to death, sentence to death等。 30.A 【解析】have mercy on…意为“对……表示怜悯”。 Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension 1-5 ACCBB6-10 DCDAB11-15 ADBDA Ⅲ.Proofreading and Error Correction 1.go→went 2.had→have 3.while→unless 4.eat→eating 5.They→It 6.√ 7.month→month where 8.exercise→exercises 9.too→either 10.去掉more Ⅳ.Translation 【参考答案】我知道在北威尔士的高山和大海之间有一个山谷。这是一个美丽的地方，温暖而舒适，由于大山的屏蔽，使它得以免受狂风的侵扰。可这山谷却毫无生气，我记得男孩们习惯于爬到村头的小山上，就为了看一眼远处的山峦，就为了从来自小山顶的微风和从壮丽的景色中得到刺激和新鲜感。我们多少代以来都一直住在被屏蔽的山谷里。我们一直活得太舒服、太懒散了，许多人也许非常自私;但严厉的命运之手正驱使我们，使我们站到一个新的高度。从这里我们能够看到维系一个国家伟大永恒的东西——我们已经忘却的荣誉、职责、爱国主义，以及裹藏在白色光辉中的牺牲的峰巅，它像一根粗糙的手指直指苍穹。我们将再次回到山谷，然而只要这一代人生存下去，他们就会在心中保留那些伟大峰巅的形象。 Ⅴ.Writing 【参考答案】略。 教法技能部分(教育学、心理学) 六、单项选择题 1.B 【解析】略。 2.B 【解析】儿童身心发展的不平衡性，是指在儿童发展过程中身体和心理发展不完全协调、统一的现象。就儿童发展的整体而言，生理成熟是先于心理成熟的。十几岁的孩子就其身体发育来看，已经很接近成人的水平了，而其心理的成熟程度，却要比成人低得多。但就某个具体方面而言，也有可能表现心理发展不受生理成熟条件控制的情况。 3.C 【解析】正确的集体舆论和良好的班风是良好班集体形成的重要标志。它以无形的力量帮助班主任影响和教育学生,对个别学生的影响,往往比班主任个人的力量要有效得多。 4.B 【解析】教学模式是在一定教学思想或教学理论指导下建立起来的较为稳定的教学活动结构框架和活动程序。教学组织形式是指为完成特定的教学任务，教师和学生按一定要求组合起来进行活动的结构。教学原则是有效进行教学必须遵循的基本要求。教学过程是一种特殊的认识过程，也是一个促进学生身心发展的过程。 5.D 【解析】1924年廖世承编写了我国第一本《教育心理学》教科书。 6.B 【解析】为了对人的聪明程度作定量分析，心理学家创造了许多测量工具，这些测量工具被称作智力量表。世界上最著名的智力量表是斯坦福-比纳量表(简称S?B量表)。该量表最初由法国人比纳和西蒙于1905年编制，后被引入美国，由斯坦福大学的推孟作了多次修订而闻名于世。 7.B 【解析】略。 8.B 【解析】头脑风暴法指用思维高度活跃，打破常规的思维方式产生大量创造性设想的状况。头脑风暴的特点是让与会者敞开思想，使各种设想在相互碰撞中激起脑海的创造性风暴。其可分为直接头脑风暴和质疑头脑风暴法。 9.A 【解析】B是bit(字节)的简写。1024 B =1 KB，1024 KB =1 MB，1024 MB =1 GB。 10.B 【解析】调制解调器也叫Modem，它是一个通过电话拨号接入Internet的必备的硬件设备。通常计算机内部使用的是“数字信号”，而通过电话线路传输的信号是“模拟信号”。调制解调器的作用就是当计算机发送信息时，将计算机内部使用的数字信号转换成可以用电话线传输的模拟信号，通过电话线发送出去;接收信息时，把电话线上传来的模拟信号转换成数字信号传送给计算机，供其接收和处理。 七、多项选择题 1.ACD 【解析】学校教育与家庭教育相互配合的方法有以下几种：(1)互访。包括教师访问家长和家长访问教师。(2)家长会。这是学校与家庭取得联系的较为普遍的方式。学校每学期应召开一至两次家长会，一方面加强学校与家长的沟通，向家长汇报学校工作情况，交流教育经验，互相配合共同做好对学生的教育工作，同时应对家长进行教育学知识的普及工作。(3)家长委员会。这是学校与家长互相联系和配合的经常性组织。家长委员会由家长民主选举产生，由有教育经验、关心学校教育、热心社会工作的有威信的家长担任委员，代表全体家长与学校配合工作。 2.ABCD 【解析】德育的内容实际上就是道德教育、思想教育和政治教育的内容。德育的内容应当包括三个主要层次：一是基本道德行为规范的教育;二是公民道德与政治品质的教育;三是较高层次的世界观与人生观、理想教育等。新时期课改中，学生的心理教育也被纳入德育教育之列。 3.ABC 【解析】略。 4.ABCD 【解析】课堂管理就是指教师通过协调课堂内的各种人际关系而有效地实现预定教学目标的过程。影响课堂管理的因素包括以下几方面：(1)教师的领导风格。教师的领导风格对课堂管理有直接的影响。普雷斯顿认为，参与式领导和监督式领导对课堂管理有不同的影响。(2)班级规模。班级的大小是影响课堂管理的一个重要因素。首先，班级的大小会影响成员间的情感联系。其次，班内的学生越多，学生间的个别差异就越大，课堂管理所遇到的阻力也可能越大。再次，班级的大小也会影响交往模式。最后，班级越大，内部越容易形成各种非正式小群体，而这些小群体又会影响课堂教学目标的实现。(3)班级的性质。不同的班级往往有不同的群体规范和不同的凝聚力，良好的班级可以形成一种融洽、和睦、积极向上的群体心理气氛，这有利于课堂管理。(4)对教师的期望。班内的学生对教师的课堂行为同样会形成定型的期望，这种期望会影响课堂管理。 5.ACDE 【解析】略。 八、填空题 1.合作学习 2.学习辅导 3.侧向迁移 4.内化 九、简答题 1.【参考答案】教学目标明确;学生参与学习的积极性高;教学内容正确;教育方法恰当;教学结构紧凑;教学组织合理。 2.【参考答案】 (1)间接经验与直接经验相结合; (2)掌握知识与发展智力相统一; (3)教学过程中知、情、意的统一; (4)教师主导作用与学生能动性结合。 3.【参考答案】图形、图像文件：中国.bmp五指山.jpeg飞翔.gifdog.mpg 声音文件：丁香花.mp3哭沙.rm 文本文件：新课程.txt成龙.doc 网页文件：index.htmcxsj.html 十、论述题 【参考答案】 观点：(1)知识观和学生观。①强调学生经验世界的丰富性，学生的巨大潜能;②强调学生经验世界的差异性。(2)学习观。学习不是知识由教师向学生的传递，而是学生建构自己的知识的过程。(3)学习中的社会性相互作用。学习理论的一种重要倾向。(4)情境教学。突出了学习的具体性和非结构性的一面。 启示：建构主义更为充分地展示了认识活动的能动性，但却又表现出了一定的相对主义和工具主义的色彩。 | 
发表于 2014-10-27 17:32:07
