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发表于 2010-10-23 21:23:12
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（二）宾语从句的时态：
宾语从句的时态原则上应与主句的时态保持一致。
(1) 如果主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时和现在完成时），宾语从句可以是实际需要的任何时态。
I am wondering whether he has come or not.我不知道他是否已经来了。（现在完成时）
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.请告诉我什么时候开会。（一般将来时）
I don’t know who they are talking about.我不知道他们正在谈论谁。（现在进行时）
I have heard the window was broken by John.我已经听说窗户是被约翰打破的。
(2) 如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），宾语从句必须选用过去的某一时态（即一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时或过去完成时等）
He said he would kill her.他说他会杀了她。（过去将来时）
She told us Lucy had returned home.她告诉我们露茜已经回家去了。（过去完成时）
Mary was wondering who could answer the question.
玛丽想知道谁能回答这一问题。（一般过去时）
I didn’t told them where you were having the meeting.
我没有告诉他们你们正在哪儿开会。（过去进行时）
(3) 如果宾语从句表示的是科学其理、客观事实或格言警句等，则不管这句是何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
Granny told me that the earth moves around the sun.奶奶告诉我地球围绕太阳转。
She said a friend in need is a friend indeed.她说患难朋友才是真正的朋友。
5、了解定语从句的构成基本形式及基本用法
（一）定语在句中是用来修饰名词或代词的，一般由形容词或与之相当的其它词类来充当。如果起修饰作用的是一个句子的时候，就叫作定语从句。但定语从句不是象形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词。
(二)定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。
1． that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。
I like the book (that) you lent me yesterday. 我喜欢你昨天借给我的那本书。
2．which的先行词只能是物。
The book shop is a shop which sells book. 书店是销售书的商店。
The book (which) I read last night was wonderful. 我昨晚看的那本书很精彩。
3． who 在定语从句中作主语； whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语；而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语。
The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend
昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。
Who's that woman (whom) you just talked to?
你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?
This is our classmate, Mary, whose home is not far from our school.
这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。
4． 关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. 那是我们曾经住了十年的房子。
= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.
（三）除关系代词外，还有关系副词when，where，why等也能引导定语从句。
1． when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall
我永远也不会忘记我第一次到达长城的那天。
2． where 则指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the house where the old man lives. 这就是那位老人住的房子。
3．why用来指原因，作原因状语。
That’s the reason why he didn’t come yesterday. 那就是他昨天为什么没有来的原因。
三、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. Do you know daughter she is?
A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
2. They wondered if the teacher them some English songs the next week.
A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught
3. He asked picture was John’s.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
4. He told me Paris is the capital of France.
A. which B. the C. that D. what
5. I’ll go there by bike it is fine tomorrow.
A. whether B. that C. what D. if
6. I will write to you I get there.
A. while B. as soon as C. as D. since
7. Please answer the question in a loud enough voile all the class may hear.
A. so, that B. so that C. and D. or
8. I have that I don’t know which one I should borrow.
A. such many books B. so many books.
C. such much books D. so much books
9. it was blowing heavily, the farmers went on working in the fields.
A. Though, × B. Though, but C. Because, × D. Because, so
10. He asked me during the summer holiday.
A. where I had gone B. where I had been
C. where had I gone D. where had I been
11. Please give the message to him when you .
A. see him B. will see him C. saw him D. are going to see him
12. Can you tell us ?
A. if your father does B. what does your father do
C. your father does what D. what your father does
13. He asked me if I knew .
A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it
14. She had cleaned the room her mother came home.
A. after B. before C. as soon as D. if
15. There are heavy clouds in the sky it is going to rain.
A. if B. that C. as if D. whether
16. This is the place I have ever visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
17. You may do it yourself leave it to me.
A. either…or B. neither…nor C. whether…or D. both…and
18. Do you know ?
A. what are you listening B. what you are listening
C. what you are listening to D. what are you listening to
19. It ten years since I taught in the school.
A. will B. was C. has D. is
20. —Do you know ?
—Yes. He is a teacher.
A, whom he is B. whom is he C. what is he D. what he is
二、按要求转变句型
1. Lucy has finished the work.（改为一般疑问句）
2. She used to wear white skirt.（改为否定句）
3 I think Jack is a good student.（改为否定句）
4. There is something wrong with my watch.（改为否定句）
5. The tree is very tall.（改为感叹句，How~）
6. The cock gets up very early.（改为感叹句）
7. He wish to be a teacher.（改为感叹句）
8. Come back at once.（改为否定句）
9. The boy doesn’t like dancing.（改为一般疑问句）
10. You mustn’t smoke in the classroom.（改为祈使句）
11. This is a very interesting story.（改为感叹句）
12. It’s very bad news.（改为感叹句）
13. Shall we go out for a walk?（改为祈使句）
14. She’s gone to Paris.（改为反意疑问句）
15. Rose seldom goes skating.（改为反意疑问句）
16. We don’t believe Jack has stolen your money.（改为反意疑问句）
17. There is nothing left.（改为反意疑问句）
18. I am dishonest.（改为反意疑问句）
19. Be careful!（改为反意疑问句）
20. Let’s sing the English song.（改为反意疑问句）
四、巩固练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1. A 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. B 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. B 14. B 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D
二、按要求转化句型
1. Has Lucy finished the work?
2. She didn’t use to wear white skirt.
3. I don’t think Jack is a good student.
4. There is nothing wrong with my watch./There isn’t anything wrong with my watch.
5. How tall the tree is!
6. How early the cock gets up!
7. How he wish to be a teacher!
8. Don’t come back at once.
9. The boy doesn’t like dancing, does he?
10. Don’t smoke in the classroom.
11. What an interesting story this is!
How interesting a story this is!
12. What bad news it is!
13. Let’s go out for a walk.
14. She’s gone to Paris, hasn’t she?
15. Rose seldom goes skating, does she?
16. We don’t believe Jack has stolen your money, has he?
17. There is nothing left, is there?
18. I am dishonest, aren’t I?
19. Be careful, will you?
20. Let’s sing the English song, shall we? |
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