(二)从句
1.名词性从句主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一般由that 引起,也可由who, what, when, why, which, whom, whether, how 引起。
主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语。 由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever, whichever 等引起的宾语从句。 whether and if 都能引导从句, 但用法有所不同。当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if。 Whether 后能接or not, 但if 不能。
Whether he will come or not is not known.
在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导, 不可误用 because。 The reason why he is often late for class is that he has the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
2.定语从句
引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which。 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when, 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which。
当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that。
as 可做引导词引导定语从句, 多和such, the same 连用。as引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子, 既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头。 介词+which/whom/whose从句。 代/名+介词+which 从句。
3.状语从句
修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较等。
时间状语从句: (1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as... (2) no sooner...than, hardly(scarcely, barely)...when，刚做……就…… (3) 还有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time... 地点状语从句: 一般用where或 wherever 引导。 条件状语从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that... 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于)。
让步状语从句: (1)even if, though, even though, while(尽管)，no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however... (2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首。 (3) whether...or...,不管……或…… 结果状语从句: so that, so...that, such...that。 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, in case。 方式状语从句: as, just as, as if 如同……一样。 比较状语从句: (1) as...as, not so/as...as (2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than (3) no more...than, less...than (4) the more...the more
（三）重点词组、句型
1.重点词组
look at...看…… look like...看上去像…… look after...照料…… listen to...听…… welcome to...欢迎到…… say hello to ...向……问好 speak to...对……说话 put on穿上 take off脱下 write down记下 come on赶快 get up起床 go home回家 come in进来 sit down坐下 stand up起立
in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。 in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”。 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”。 in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。 in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。 at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。 at + 时刻表示钟点。 like this/that表示方式，意为“像……这/那样”。 of短语表示所属关系。 behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。 from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从……”，后者意为“到……”。 kinds of 各种各样的。 either...or...或者……或者……，不是……就是…… neither...nor...既不……也不…… Chinese tea without anything else.中国清茶 take a seat就座 home cooking 家常做法 be famous for 因……而著名 on one’s way to在……途中 be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 wait for 等待 in time 及时 make one’s way to...往……（艰难地）走去 just then 正在那时 first of all 首先，第一 go wrong走错路 be/get lost 迷路 make a noise吵闹，喧哗 get on 上车 get off 下车 stand in line 站队 waiting room 候诊室，候车室 at the head of...在……的前头 laugh at 嘲笑 throw about 乱丢，抛散 in fact 实际上 at midnight 在半夜 have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 take one’s temperature 给某人体温 have/get a pain in...某处疼痛 have a headache 头痛 as soon as... 一……就…… feel like doing sth.想要干某事 stop...from doing sth.阻止……干某事 fall asleep 入睡 again and again再三地，反复地 wake up 醒来，叫醒 instead of 代替 look over 检查 take exercise运动 had better(not) do sth.最好（不要）干某事 at the weekend 在周末 on time 按时 out of从……向外 all by oneself独立，单独 lots of=a lot of 许多 no longer/more=not...any longer/more 不再 get back 回来，取回 sooner or later迟早 run away 逃跑 eat up 吃光，吃完 run after 追赶 take sth. with sb.某人随身带着某物 take(good) care of...=look after…(well) （好好）照顾，照料 think of考虑到，想起 keep a diary坚持写日记 leave one by oneself把某人单独留下 harder and harder越来越厉害 turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等） turn off 关
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发表于 2019-3-23 10:22:03
